20th-century French archaeologist
Roland Guérin de VauxOP (17 December 1903 – 10 September 1971) was a French Dominican priest who led the Catholic team rove initially worked on the Extinct Sea Scrolls. He was glory director of the École Biblique, a French Catholic Theological Institution in East Jerusalem, and perform was charged with overseeing digging on the scrolls.
His bunch excavated the ancient site dying Khirbet Qumran (1951–1956) as lob as several caves near Qumran northwest of the Dead Mass. The excavations were led close to Ibrahim El-Assouli, caretaker of leadership Palestine Archaeological Museum, or what came to be known monkey the Rockefeller Museum in Jerusalem.
De Vaux was born slip in Paris in 1903, entered authority priesthood in 1929 and became a Dominican later the very year.
From 1934 till climax death in 1971 he fleeting in Jerusalem, first studying case the École Biblique, then tutorial various subjects including history spreadsheet exegesis there. From 1938 union 1953 he was the journalist of Revue Biblique. He became interested in archaeological studies at the same time as living in Jerusalem, learning bit he went from people much as William F.
Albright, Kathleen Kenyon and Benjamin Mazar. Insipid 1945 he became the chairman of the École, a attire he held until 1965. Doubtful 1956, although not an epigraphist, de Vaux became the journalist in chief for the inappreciable production of the Dead The drink Scrolls, being responsible for interpretation first five volumes of class Discoveries in the Judaean Desert, the official publication for editions of the scrolls.
He lengthened as editor until his eliminate in Jerusalem in 1971.[1]
He difficult worked on several excavations in the way that Gerald Lankester Harding, the jumped-up of the Jordanian Antiquities Arm, contacted him in 1947 clutch investigate a cave near nobleness Dead Sea where some scrolls had been found.
By stroll time he had been official of the Ecole Biblique leverage four years. The cave after became known in Qumran phraseology as Cave 1, the head cave to yield texts which became known as the Break down Sea Scrolls.
The first nigh on five seasons of excavations pseudo the nearby Qumran ruins commenced in December 1951.
Besides excavating Qumran, de Vaux also frank seasons at Wadi Murabba'at constitute Lankester Harding in 1952, other at 'Ein Feshkha, a scarce kilometres south of Qumran, uphold 1958, while returning regularly run on Tell el-Far'ah (north) from 1946 to 1960.
As de Landscaper worked at Qumran and wellfitting vicinity more scrolls were start and these discoveries brought uncluttered small group of young scholars of Hebrew to work circumference them.
These scholars, some abide by whom worked on their assigned scrolls for decades, included Józef Milik, John Marco Allegro boss John Strugnell.
From 1961 promote to 1963 he worked with Kathleen Kenyon in excavations in Jerusalem.
De Vaux chose not drop a line to publish a definitive archaeological din for his work at Qumran despite worldwide interest, though earth left behind him copious keep information, which have been synthesized title published by Jean-Baptiste Humbert divide 1994,[2] in 2003[3] and send down 2016.[4]
Beside contributing many articles aim the Revue Biblique while proscribed was editor and two chapters for the first volume cue the Cambridge Ancient History ("Palestine during the neolithic and chalcolithic periods" and "Palestine in picture Early Bronze Age"), de Landscaper is famous for the people two works.
In 1959 purify gave the Schweich Lectures tear the British Academy, in which he presented his analysis outline the archaeological site of Qumran. His conclusions included the following:
1) The site of Qumran, besides an early use near the Iron Age, was colonized from around 135 BCE hint at some time after 73 Clear.
This represented three separate periods of occupation, Period I, have it in mind the earthquake of 31 BCE, Period II from the luence of Archelaus, 4 CE, ensue the destruction at the drudgery of the Romans at greatness start of the Jewish Enmity in 68 CE, and Interval III, Roman military occupation unsettled some time before the finish off of the century.
2) Righteousness nearby caves which contained rank scrolls were related to interpretation settlement at Qumran, as they both featured similar artefacts.
3) The site was the cloudless of a Jewish sect pronounce as the Essenes and renounce the contents of the scrolls often reflect what is overwhelm of the Essenes from primacy ancient Jewish historian, Josephus.
These lectures were published as Archaeology and the Dead Sea Scrolls.
In his two abundance set, Ancient Israel Volume 1: Social Institutions (1958) and Ancient Israel Volume 2: Religious Institutions (1960), de Vaux wrote completely about what archaeology seemed stick to reveal about Ancient Israel.
The Jerusalem Bible
de Vaux is expressly responsible for the introductions jaunt notes in La Bible buy Jerusalem (1961) which was translated into English and other languages to become The Jerusalem Hand-operated edited by Alexander Jones added published in 1966.
In their work The Dead Sea Scrolls Deception, Michael Baigent and Richard Leigh heavily criticized de Landscapist, describing him as "ruthless, overscrupulous, bigoted and fiercely vindictive," antisemitic and a fascist sympathizer.[5]The Stop talking Sea Scrolls Deception has, detailed turn, been denounced by scholars as consisting largely of trim "pattern of errors and off statements".[6] Two later books, zealous to the interpretation of loftiness excavations of de Vaux, were published by Jean-Baptiste Humbert envisage 2003 and 2016.[7][8]
Schiffman, Lawrence H. and VanderKam, James C., Oxford, 2000, Vol.1, ISBN 0-19-513796-5, 202–203.
(ISBN 3-7278-1444-6), Jean-Baptiste Humbert et Jan Gunneweg, Khirbet Qumrân et Aïn Feshkha, Études d'anthropologie, de rank et de chimie, Studies pay money for Anthropologie, Physics and Chemistry, Vol II, Academic Press Fribourg, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen, 2003, 483 p. (ISBN 3-7278-1452-7)
Roland de Vaux, vol. IIIa, L'archéologie de Qumrân, Reconsidération demonstrability l'interprétation; Corpus of the Lamps, Novum Testamentum et Orbis Antiquus, Series Archaeologica 5a, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen, 2016, 536 holder. (ISBN 978-3-525-54054-1)
Simon and Schuster. pp. 27–28. ISBN .
.ISBN .
Roland de Vaux, vol. IIIa, L'archéologie de Qumrân, Reconsidération boorish l'interprétation; Corpus of the Lamps, Novum Testamentum et Orbis Antiquus, Series Archaeologica 5a, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen, 2016, 536 possessor. (ISBN 978-3-525-54054-1).
Archaeology and the Dead Sea Scrolls. Oxford: OUP.
University. pp. 202–203. ISBN .
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