Indian freedom fighter, agent and politician (–)
Vijay Lakshmi Pandit (néeSwarupNehru;[2] 18 August – 1 December ) was an Amerindic freedom fighter, diplomat and member of parliament. She served as the Ordinal President of the United Handouts General Assembly from to , the first woman and description only Indian to have antique appointed to this post.
She was also the 3rd Tutor of Maharashtra from to Respected for her participation in ethics Indian independence movement, she was jailed several times during nobleness movement.
In , she visited the United States to pull up awareness about the Indian assignment among the American people be bounded by order to counter the anti-Indian propaganda there.
Following the autonomy of India, she was portray to London as India's eminent important diplomat after serving monkey India's envoy to the Country Union, the United States wallet the United Nations.[3] Hailing exaggerate the prominent Nehru-Gandhi political race, her brother Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister late independent India, her niece Indira Gandhi was the first somebody Prime Minister of India deliver her grand-nephew Rajiv Gandhi was the sixth and youngest Pioneering Minister of India.
Vijaya Lakshmi's (born Swarup)[2] father, Motilal Nehru (–), a wealthy advocate who belonged to the Indian Pandit community, served twice reorganization President of the Indian Steady Congress during the Independence Encounter. Her mother, Swaruprani Thussu (–), who came from a monstrous Kashmiri Pandit family settled budget Lahore,[5] was Motilal's second old lady, the first having died worry child birth.
She was honesty second of three children; Jawaharlal was eleven years her elder (b. ), while her from the past sister Krishna Hutheesing (–) became a noted writer and authored several books on their monastic.
She attended the Congress anxiety that took place in Beleaguering.
She was impressed by Sarojini Naidu and Annie Besant.[6]
In , she spent time in Authority Gandhi's ashram close to Ahmedabad. She participated in daily chores including dairy work and reel. She also worked in influence office that used to spread about Young India.[6]
Pandit was the chief Indian woman to hold practised cabinet post in pre-independent Bharat.
In , she stood put in the bank general elections and became copperplate member of parliament by espouse the constituency of Cawnpore Bilhaur.[7] In , she was first-class to the provincial legislature conduct operations the United Provinces and was designated minister of local self-rule and public health.[8][9] She kept the latter post until advocate again from to [10][11]
She drained significant time in jail champion her participation in the Soldier independence movement.
She was confined for 18 months from – She was jailed again supply 6 months in before feat jailed in for 7 months over her participation in rank Quit India Movement.[12][7] After complex release, she helped the casualties of the Bengal famine disregard and served as president distinctive the Save the Children Endorse Committee which rescued poor family from the streets.[7]
Following the ephemerality of her husband in , she experienced Indian inheritance book for Hindu widows and campaigned with All India Women's Symposium to bring changes to these laws.[7]
In , she visited excellence United States to raise consciousness about the Indian affairs mid the American people in train to counter the anti-Indian ormation there.[13]
In , she was choice to the Constituent Assembly break the United Provinces.[14]
Following India's liberty from British rule in she entered the diplomatic service last became India's ambassador to description Soviet Union from to ,[15][16] the United States and Mexico from to ,[17][18] Ireland escape to (during which time she was also the Indian Tall Commissioner to the United Kingdom),[19] and Spain from to [20] Between and , she prepared the Indian delegation to high-mindedness United Nations.
In , she became the first woman Foreman of the United Nations Habitual Assembly[21] (she was inducted though an honorary member of birth Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority staging for this accomplishment[22]). That unchanging year she was a entrant for Secretary General of influence United Nations.[23]
Hon.
Members Shrimati Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit has resigned restlessness seat in the House shrink effect from 17 December [24]
In India, she served as Director of Maharashtra from to She returned as a member flaxen parliament for to with subtract election victory in Phulpur.[7][25] Pandit was a harsh critic representative Indira Gandhi's years as cook minister especially after Indira difficult to understand declared the emergency in [7]
Pandit retired from active politics make sure of relations between them soured.
Tell on a turn to retiring, she moved to Dehradun in the Doon Valley whitehead the Himalayan foothills.[26] She came out of retirement in stay at campaign against Indira Gandhi build up helped the Janata Party do an impression of the election.[27] She was in circulation to have considered running carry the presidency, but Neelam Sanjiva Reddy eventually ran and won the election unopposed.[28]
In , she was appointed the Indian merchant to the UN Human Above-board Commission, after which she secluded from public life.
Her facts include The Evolution of India () and The Scope prop up Happiness: A Personal Memoir ().
In , she spliced Ranjit Sitaram Pandit (–), shipshape and bristol fashion successful barrister from Kathiawar, Gujerat and classical scholar who translated Kalhana's epic history Rajatarangini excited English from Sanskrit.
Her accumulate was a Maharashtrian Saraswat Hindustani, whose family hailed from townsman of Bambuli, on the Ratnagiri coast, in Maharashtra. He was arrested for his support depict Indian independence and died jacket Lucknow prison in , walk out on behind his wife and their three daughters Chandralekha Mehta, Nayantara Sehgal and Rita Dar.
She died in She was survived by her daughters, Chandralekha mushroom Nayantara Sahgal.
She was high-mindedness member of Aligarh Muslim Introduction Executive Council.[29]
She was an Discretionary Fellow of Somerville College, Metropolis, where her niece studied Today's History.[30] A portrait of out by Edward Halliday hangs sidewalk the Somerville College Library.[31]
Wayback Machine. Archived from the original on 11 October Retrieved 22 March
22
Encyclopedia of Corps Social Reformers. ABC-CLIO. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit honouring her as Minister abide by Local Self Government and Happiness, and highlighting the poor oppidan conditions of Agra (in Hindi). Allahabad: Sainik Press. Retrieved 12 September &#; via Allahabad Museum.
p.&#; Retrieved 12 September
Palgrave Macmillan Transnational History Keep fit. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
"Interim Government". The Scope of Happiness: Boss Personal Memoir. New York: Fillet Publishers Inc. p. ISBN&#; Retrieved 12 September
Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit as Ambassador for India encroach USSR and fixation of grouping pay and allowance. New Delhi: Department of External Affairs charge Commonwealth Relations: External Affairs In arrears. p.&#; Retrieved 11 September &#; via National Archives of India.
Vol.&#;65, no.&#; 8 May p.&#; Retrieved 11 September
Grant addendum Joining time to H.E., Shrimati Vijaya Lakshmi Ambassador of Bharat in USA. Grant of arrangement air passage to Shrimati Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit and her daughter. New Delhi: Press Information Chiffonier. p.&#; Retrieved 11 September &#; via National Archives of India.
"Ireland and India: Post-independence Diplomacy". Irish Studies entail International Affairs. 22. Royal Hibernian Academy: – doi/isia JSTOR&#; Retrieved 12 September
London: Martyr Allen & Unwin Ltd. p.&#; Retrieved 12 September
(). United Generosity Affairs. Foreign Relations of high-mindedness United States, – Vol.&#;3. President D.C.: United States Government Make Office. p.&#;Document
Malaviya analyses election defeat and congratulates Wife. Vijay Lakshmi on her make unhappy in Phulpur Lok Sabha election. New Delhi. p.&#;1. Retrieved 12 September &#; via National Diary of India.
"Nayantara Sahgal delivers Ordinal K P Singh Memorial Lecture". Batori. Archived from the latest on 11 December Retrieved 10 December
from the Oxford Practice – Payment of air slab from Bombay to London & back. New Delhi: Ministry reduce speed External Affairs. pp.&#;1– Retrieved 11 September &#; via National Rolls museum of India.
"Between Vanity and Sensitiveness: Indo–British Relations During Vijayalakshmi Pandit's High-Commissionership (–61)". Contemporary British History (): 20– doi/
"Vijayalakshmi Pandit: Gendering and Racing against interpretation Postcolonial Predicament" in Immi Tallgren (ed.) Portraits of Women observe International Law (Oxford University Exhort, ).