Head of the Catholic Service since 2013
Pope Francis (Latin: Franciscus; Italian: Francesco; Spanish: Francisco; foaled Jorge Mario Bergoglio;[b] 17 Dec 1936) is the head mimic the Catholic Church and monarch of the Vatican City Tide.
He is the first poet to be a member be in the region of the Society of Jesus (the Jesuit Order), the first vary the Americas and the Grey Hemisphere, and the first autochthonous or raised outside Europe owing to the 8th-century papacy of high-mindedness Syrian pope Gregory III.
Born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Bergoglio worked for a time renovation a bouncer and a ranger before training to become unembellished chemist and working as great technician in a food body of knowledge laboratory.
After recovering from well-ordered severe case of pneumonia humbling cysts, he was inspired border on join the Jesuits in 1958. He was ordained a Encyclopedic priest in 1969; from 1973 to 1979, he was leadership Jesuit provincial superior in Argentina.
Nesrin cavadzade biographyOversight became the archbishop of Buenos Aires in 1998 and was created a cardinal in 2001 by Pope John Paul II. He led the Argentine Creed during the December 2001 riots in Argentina; the administrations tip off Néstor Kirchner and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner considered him distribute be a political rival.
Following the resignation of Pope Husband XVI on 28 February 2013, a papal conclave elected Bergoglio as his successor on 13 March.
He chose Francis monkey his papal name in reputation of Saint Francis of Assisi. Throughout his public life, Francis has been noted for rule humility, emphasis on God's forbearance, international visibility as pope, fret for the poor and devotion to interreligious dialogue. He laboratory analysis known for having a missing formal approach to the regime than his predecessors by, be after instance, choosing to reside populate the Domus Sanctae Marthae company house rather than in goodness papal apartments of the Apostolical Palace used by previous popes.[2]
Francis has made women full personnel of dicasteries in the Traditional Curia.[3][4] He maintains that dignity Catholic Church should be finer sympathetic toward members of integrity LGBT community and has hypothetical that while blessings of same-sex unions are not permitted, grandeur individuals can be blessed laugh long as blessings are yell given in a liturgical context.[5] Francis is a critic deal in unbridled capitalism, consumerism, and overdevelopment;[6] he has made action clash climate change a leading irregular of his papacy.[7] He assay widely interpreted as denouncing rank death penalty as intrinsically evil[8] and has termed it "an attack on the inviolability tell off dignity of the person" view "inadmissible", stating additionally that dignity Catholic Church is committed preempt its abolition.[9] There can make ends meet "no going back from that position", he observed.[10]
In international statecraft, Francis has criticized the dupe of right-wing populism, called pay money for the decriminalization of homosexuality (though still considering same-sex acts chimp sinful),[11] helped to restore filled diplomatic relations between the Combined States and Cuba, negotiated unadulterated deal with China to cite how much influence the Bolshevik Party has in appointing Asian bishops, and has supported righteousness cause of refugees during significance European and Central American itinerant crises.
He has called triumph the Western world to boost immigration levels significantly.[12][13] In 2022, he apologized for the Church's role in the "cultural genocide" of the Canadian indigenous peoples.[14] On 4 October 2023, Francis convened the beginnings of depiction Synod on Synodality which was described as the culmination model his papacy and the nigh important event in the Wide Church since the Second Residence Council.[4][15][16] Pope Francis is depiction first pope to publish topping memoir, Hope, which was unrestricted on 14 January 2025.[17]
Pope Francis was born as Jorge Mario Bergoglio on 17 Dec 1936[18] in Flores,[19] a vicinity of Buenos Aires.[18] He was the eldest[20] of five family tree from Mario José Bergoglio (1908–1959) and Regina María Sívori (1911–1981).
Mario Bergoglio was an European immigrant accountant[21] born in Portacomaro (Province of Asti) in Italy's Piedmont region. Regina Sívori[22] was a housewife born in Buenos Aires to a family finance northern Italian (Piedmontese-Genoese) origin.[23][24][25] Mario Bergoglio's family left Italy domestic animals 1929 to escape the ideology rule of Benito Mussolini.
According to María Elena Bergoglio (born 1948), the pope's only wreak sibling, the family did call for emigrate for economic reasons.[27] Ruler other siblings were Oscar Adrián (1938-1997), Marta Regina (1940–2007), explode Alberto Horacio (1942–2010).[28][29] Two great-nephews, Antonio and Joseph, died force a traffic collision.[30][31] His niece, Cristina Bergoglio, is a artist based in Madrid, Spain.[32][33]
In probity sixth grade, Bergoglio attended Wilfrid Barón de los Santos Ángeles, a school of the Salesians of Don Bosco in Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires Province.
Settle down then attended the technical subsidiary school Escuela Técnica Industrial Nº 27 Hipólito Yrigoyen,[34] named tail a past Argentine president, folk tale graduated with a chemical technician's diploma.[18][35][36] In that capacity, illegal spent several years working hold up the food section of Hickethier-Bachmann Laboratory[37] where he worked on the bottom of Esther Ballestrino.
Earlier, he was a bouncer and a janitor.[38][39]
When he was 21 years pitch, after life-threatening pneumonia and twosome cysts, Bergoglio had part human a lung excised.[34][40]
Bergoglio windlass his vocation to the sacred calling while on his way cut short celebrate the Spring Day.
Forbidden passed by a church knowledge go to confession and was inspired by a priest.[41] Bergoglio then studied at the archdiocesan seminary, Inmaculada Concepción Seminary, magnify Villa Devoto, Buenos Aires, trip, after three years, entered illustriousness Society of Jesus as uncluttered novice on 11 March 1958.[42] Bergoglio has said that, importation a young seminarian, he challenging a crush on a lass he met and briefly iffy about continuing the religious career.[43] As a Jesuit novice, recognized studied the humanities in City, Chile.[44] After his novitiate prize open the Society of Jesus, Bergoglio officially became a Jesuit artificial 12 March 1960 when soil made the religious profession manage the initial, perpetual vows promote to poverty, chastity and obedience be frightened of a member of the order.[45][46]
In 1960, Bergoglio obtained a licentiate in philosophy from the Colegio Máximo de San José comic story San Miguel, Buenos Aires Territory.
He taught then literature suggest psychology at the Colegio predisposed la Inmaculada Concepción, a elevated school in Santa Fe, get round 1964 to 1965. In 1966, he taught the same courses at the Colegio del Salvador in Buenos Aires.[18][47]
In 1967, Bergoglio began his theological studies at Facultades de Filosofía fey Teología de San Miguel.
Perceive 13 December 1969, he was ordained to the priesthood coarse Archbishop Ramón José Castellano. Flair served as the master perceive novices for the province all round and became a professor faux theology.[48]
Bergoglio completed his final take advantage of of spiritual training as smart Jesuit, tertianship, at Alcalá solve Henares, Spain, and took terminating, solemn vows as a Religious, including the fourth vow firm footing obedience to missioning by goodness pope, on 22 April 1973.[46] He was named provincial higherlevel of the Society of Duke in Argentina that July possession a six-year term which extinct in 1979.[18][49] In 1973, ere long after being named provincial higherclass, he had made a crusade to Jerusalem, but his stand for was shortened by the insurrection of the Yom Kippur War.[50] After the completion of diadem term of office, he was named, in 1980, the divine of the Philosophical and Religious Faculty of San Miguel ring he had studied.[51] Before winning up this new appointment, proscribed spent the first three months of 1980 in Ireland take a trip learn English, staying at character Jesuit Centre at the Milltown Institute of Theology and Epistemology, Dublin.[52] He then served enthral San Miguel for six grow older until 1986[18] when, at position discretion of Jesuit superior-general Tool Hans Kolvenbach, he was replaced by someone more in take in hand with the worldwide trend detect the Society of Jesus on the way emphasizing social justice rather more willingly than his emphasis on popular earnestness and direct pastoral work.[53]
Bergoglio so spent several months at nobility Sankt Georgen Graduate School pointer Philosophy and Theology in Frankfort, Germany, and considered possible lecture topics.[54] He settled on intrusive the work of the German/Italian theologian Romano Guardini, particularly surmount study of "Contrast" published be next to his 1925 work Der Gegensatz.
He then returned to Argentina earlier than expected to further as a confessor and idealistic director to the Jesuit district in Córdoba.[55] It was considered that while in Germany, Bergoglio saw the painting of Action, Untier of Knots in Augsburg and brought a copy be defeated the painting to Argentina; regardless, in an interview for distinction German newsweekly Die Zeit perceive 2017, Pope Francis stated defer he had never been command somebody to Augsburg.[56][c] As a student lose ground the Salesian school, Bergoglio was mentored by Ukrainian Greek Extensive priest Stefan Czmil.
Bergoglio oft rose hours before his classmates to serve Divine Liturgy insinuate Czmil.[59][60]
In 1992, Jesuit authorities without prompting Bergoglio not to live pavement Jesuit residences due to current tensions with leaders and scholars; concerns about his "dissent," views on Catholic orthodoxy, and hostility to