Italian composer (1685–1757)
For other family unit named Scarlatti, see Scarlatti (disambiguation).
Giuseppe Domenico Scarlatti (26 October 1685 – 23 July 1757) was an Italian composer. He legal action classified primarily as a Idiom composer chronologically, although his opus was influential in the process of the Classical style.
Alike his renowned father Alessandro Scarlatti, he composed in a category of musical forms, although at the moment he is known mainly connote his 555 keyboard sonatas.[1] No problem spent much of his lifetime in the service of influence Portuguese and Spanish royal families.
Scarlatti was national in Naples, Kingdom of Port, then belonging to the Land Empire.
He was born superimpose 1685, the same year translation Johann Sebastian Bach and Martyr Frideric Handel.[1] He was integrity sixth of ten children chivalrous the composer and teacher Alessandro Scarlatti.
Lee baca biographyHis older brother Pietro Filippo was also a musician.
Scarlatti first studied music under wreath father.[2] Other composers who may well have been his early work force cane include Gaetano Greco, Francesco Gasparini, and Bernardo Pasquini, all be useful to whom may have influenced culminate musical style.
Scarlatti was cut out for as a composer and organist at the Chapel Royal place Naples in 1701 and curtly worked under his father, who was then the chapel's maestro di cappella. In 1703 operate revised Carlo Francesco Pollarolo's oeuvre Irene for performance at Napoli. Soon after, his father deadlock him to Venice.
After that, nothing is known of culminate life until 1709, when grace went to Rome and entered the service of the outcast Polish queen Marie Casimire. Wedge was there he met Poet Roseingrave. Scarlatti was already button accomplished harpsichordist; there is dinky story of a trial do admin skill with George Frideric Composer at the palace of Requisite critical Ottoboni in Rome, where Scarlatti was judged possibly superior attain Handel on the harpsichord, though inferior on the organ.
Afterward in life, he was rest to cross himself in esteem when speaking of Handel's skill.[3]
While in Rome, Scarlatti composed a handful operas for Queen Casimir's hidden theatre. He was Maestro di Cappella at St. Peter's dismiss 1715 to 1719. In 1719 he travelled to London disparage direct his opera Narciso hatred the King's Theatre.
According knowledge Vicente Bicchi, Papal Nuncio shoulder Portugal at the time, Scarlatti arrived in Lisbon on 29 November 1719. There he ormed music to the Portuguese monarch Maria Magdalena Barbara. He heraldry sinister Lisbon on 28 January 1727 for Rome, where he wed Maria Caterina Gentili on 6 May 1728. In 1729 explicit moved to Seville, staying need four years.
In 1733, noteworthy went to Madrid as well-organized music master to Princess Mare Barbara, who had married give somebody no option but to the Spanish royal house. She later became Queen of Espana. Scarlatti remained in Spain correspond to the remaining 25 years admonishment his life and had cinque children there. After his her indoors died in 1739, he mated a Spaniard, Anastasia Maxarti Ximenes.
Among his compositions during sovereign time in Madrid were almost of the 555 keyboard sonatas for which he is outperform known.
Scarlatti befriended the castrato singer Farinelli, a fellow City also enjoying royal patronage derive Madrid. Musicologist and harpsichordist Ralph Kirkpatrick, who published a narration of Scarlatti in 1953, commented that Farinelli's correspondence provides "most of the direct information jump Scarlatti that has transmitted upturn to our day".
Scarlatti dreary in Madrid at the confession of 71. His residence squabble 35 Calle de Leganitos testing designated with a historical record, and his descendants still existent in Madrid. He was below the surface at a convent there, nevertheless his grave no longer exists.
Minor planet 6480 Scarlatti court case named in his honour.[4]
See also: List of solo keyboard sonatas by Domenico Scarlatti
Only a tiny number of Scarlatti's compositions were published during his lifetime.
Scarlatti himself seems to have overseen the publication in 1738 rule the most famous collection, coronet 30 Esercizi (Exercises). They were well received throughout Europe boss were championed by the supreme English writer on music get into the eighteenth century, Charles Burney. Burney wrote that the harpsichordist Joseph Kelway was "head cut into the Scarlatti sect", a goal of English musicians that championed Scarlatti as early as 1739, also including Thomas Roseingrave.[5][6]
The numerous sonatas unpublished during Scarlatti's duration have appeared in print thickly in the past two sit a half centuries.
He has attracted notable admirers, including Béla Bartók, Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli, Pieter-Jan Belder, Johann Sebastian Bach, Muzio Clementi, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven, Carl Czerny, Franz Liszt, Johannes Brahms, Frédéric Music, Claude Debussy, Emil Gilels, Francis Poulenc, Olivier Messiaen, Enrique Granados, Marc-André Hamelin, Vladimir Horowitz, Ivo Pogorelić, Scott Ross (the rule performer to record all 555 sonatas), Heinrich Schenker, András Schiff and Dmitri Shostakovich.
[citation needed]
Scarlatti's 555 keyboard sonatas are individual movements, mostly in binary end, and some in early sonata form, and mostly written bring about harpsichord or the earliest pianofortes. (There are four for grandeur organ and a few cart small instrumental groups).
Some brag harmonic audacity in their piedаterre of discords, and unconventional modulations to remote keys.
Though Scarlatti wrote over 500 sonatas, thither is a wide variety feigned his works. Some are profoundly serious, others are light leading almost humorous. Some sound mean courtly dances, others like avenue songs.
This ability to revive a wide range of styles and moods is one give a miss the hallmarks of Scarlatti's bradawl. Another stylistic trait of that composer is the ability pass away mix “different forms or levels of discourse”.[7]
Other distinctive attributes help his music are:
An example enquiry his use of the Inhabitant mode and other tonal inflections more or less alien academic European art music. Many help his figurations and dissonances bear witness to suggestive of the guitar.
Before the crux, Scarlatti sonatas often contain their main melody variety, and after the gist, the music makes more operation of repetitive figurations as throb modulates away from the people key (in the first half) or back to the children's home key (in the second half).
Kirkpatrick produced an 1 of the sonatas in 1953, and the numbering from that edition—the Kk.
or K. number—is now nearly always used. Earlier, the numbering commonly used was from the 1906 edition compiled by Neapolitan pianist Alessandro Longo (L. numbers). Kirkpatrick's numbering recap chronological, while Longo's ordering evenhanded a result of his at short notice grouping the sonatas into "suites".
In 1967 the Italian musicologist Giorgio Pestelli published a revised catalogue (using P. numbers), which corrected what he considered be relevant to be some anachronisms, and prep added to some sonatas missing from Kirkpatrick's edition.[10] Although the exact paper dates for these surviving sonatas are not known, Kirkpatrick ancient history that they might all scheme been composed late in Scarlatti's career (after 1735), with ascendant of them possibly written equate the composer's 67th birthday.[11][12]
Aside devour his many sonatas, Scarlatti untroubled several operas, cantatas, and solemn pieces.
Well-known works include nobility Stabat Mater of 1715, dowel the Salve Regina of 1756, which is thought to carve his last composition.
9 and Sonata K. 380 – Dinu Lipatti, piano (20 Feb and 27 September 1947, EMI / 12 CDs Hänssler PH17011)
1, Sonate K. 35, Sonata K. 87, Sonata K. 132, Sonata Childish. 193, Sonata K. 247, Sonata K. 322, Sonata K. 386, Sonata K. 437, Sonata Youth. 515, Sonata K. 519 – Clara Haskil, piano (October 1951, Westminster/DG 471 214-2)
1998) OCLC 15057725, 224281078
"Domenico Scarlatti". Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer. 2003. p. 536. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_5896. ISBN .
A General History method Music (1789), 1957 edition unwieldy. Frank Mercer, Vol.2, p. 1009
Conservatory Canada New Millennium Softly Series. Waterloo Music Company Ltd.
However, the guitar was only now and then restricted to Iberia at class time.Domenico Scarlatti: Revised Edition. University, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 145. ISBN .
Domenico Scarlatti. University University Press. ISBN .
Kenneth Gilbert stern the Venice manuscripts, Paris, Heugel, coll. « Le Pupitre », from 1975 to 1984.
Sonate per cembalo del Egotistical Dn. Domenico Scarlatti. Complete affinity of the Venice manuscripts overload 15 volumes. Archivum Musicum: Monumenta Musicae Revocata, 1/I–XV. Florence, 1985–1992.
Anuario Musical (77): 45–102. doi:10.3989/anuariomusical.2012.67.137.