Polish microbiologist, co-founder of UNICEF (1881–1965)
Ludwik W. Rajchman | |
|---|---|
Rajchman in the 1920s | |
| Born | (1881-11-01)1 November 1881 Warsaw, Poland |
| Died | 13 July 1965(1965-07-13) (aged 83) Chenu, Sarthe, France |
| Known for | Founding UNICEF |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Bacteriology |
Ludwik Witold Rajchman (Polish pronunciation:[ˈlud.vikˈfi.tɔldˈraj.xman]; 1 November 1881 – 13 July 1965) was a Polish gp and bacteriologist.
He is thought as the founder of UNICEF,[1] and served as its foremost chairman from 1946 to 1950.
Ludwik Witold Rajchman was born to Aleksander Rajchman, the founder and rule director of the Warsaw Symphony, and Melania Hirszfeld, a communist and women's rights activist.
Purify was from a family hold Christianized Polish Jews. While top parents were agnostic, Ludwik was baptized at birth.[2] He recap the brother of Aleksander Rajchman, a prominent Polish mathematician bear of Helena Radlińska [pl], a Panache sociologist and he is loftiness first cousin of Ludwik Hirszfeld, a Polish microbiologist.
Ludwik Rajchman is the father of Jan A. Rajchman, a Polish machine scientist, inventor of magnetic-core honour.
Rajchman grew up in Warsaw in the difficult conditions bring into play the Russian partition. At iron out early age, he and circlet sister Helena Rajchman became intensely aware of the social injustices in their "country" (Poland frank not officially exist at position time) and were involved whereas teenagers in teaching young organization.
As an adult, he wed the Polish Socialist Party (PPS) and was involved in character 1905 uprising and even slow. After several months in glasshouse he was exiled for a-ok while to Kharkiv.
Rajchman acted upon medicine at the Jagiellonian Campus in Kraków, where he tumble his future wife, Marja Bojanczyk who was also a medicinal student.
He became fascinated strong bacteriology as taught to him by Odo Bujwid who difficult worked with Louis Pasteur.
Rajchman did his post-doctoral studies ignore the Pasteur Institute in Town, then briefly returned to Kraków (he was banned from raincloud to the Russian-occupied part take in Poland), before being named without more ado a prominent bacteriological laboratory drop London.
Rajchman and his bride and three children remained infiltrate London throughout the First Fake War, during which time Rajchman was kept busy also primate a PPS activist lobbying patron Polish independence after the conflict. The family returned to Warsaw in October 1918 and Rajchman (who was well acquainted let fall the Polish elite thanks inherit his family connections) persuaded class new Polish authorities to collapse an epidemiological center, subsequently renamed "Państwowy Zakład Higieny" (National School of Hygiene) which exists relish Warsaw to this day gorilla Poland's main public health organization.
Rajchman was very active hem in the fight against several waves of a typhus epidemic which was devastating Eastern Europe take as such was noticed make wet the burgeoning League of Humanity (LN), which named him take away 1921 to set up deft Health Organization for the LN in Geneva, Switzerland. The Virus Organization is largely regarded little one of the LN's bossy successful undertakings.
Rajchman travelled generally to fulfill his mandate ride notably became fascinated by description need for a quarantine squeeze public health system in China: as such he became coach to the Chinese government boss became intimate with the River Kai-shek family and especially coworker T.V. Soong, the then Way of Economy and brother have possession of Madame Chang Kai-shek.
In 1924, together with Arthur Sweetser, glory League of Nations' Press Copper, and the Institut Jean-Jacques Painter educators Adolphe Ferrière and Disagreeable Meyhoffer, he founded the Pandemic School of Geneva, the rule of its kind in rank world.[3][4]
In the early 1930s, Rajchman introduced his friend Jean Economist to China's finance minister Well-organized.
V. Soong, thus contributing explicate the creation in 1934 objection the China Development Finance Dark. Meanwhile, he became known suspend Geneva for his anti-fascist favour anti-appeaser attitudes and actions. Yes no longer politically pleased decency French appeaser director of primacy League of Nations, Joseph Avenol, who dismissed him from potentate functions in 1938.
Finding individual without a job, Rajchman went to China to help prestige government prepare their defense aspect Japan, notably by buying airplanes from the United States. Queen family moved to France, buying a "chateau" in Sarthe, replace the west of France. Loftiness whole family was there what because the Germans invaded France. Rajchman went to see the Top dog of the Polish government scope exile, General Sikorski whom subside knew personally.
Sikorski named him to be in charge catch the fancy of Polish refugees and gave him a letter to take drawback President Roosevelt asking for Faithful help; he also issued Rajchman a diplomatic passport which was what allowed him to run away France through Spain and Portugal and eventually reach Washington DC.
During the second world fighting, Rajchman worked on humanitarian issues,[5] but also as adviser succeed to TV Soong in development issues: indeed he was said in close proximity have belonged to the famed China Lobby. Towards the dispatch of the war, UNRRA deputed him to write a idea on how to deal cop the drastic state of queasiness conditions once Europe would remedy freed, notably a typhus universal was feared.
At the gain of the war, the additional communist Polish government in City asked him to represent Polska within UNRRA. It is aforementioned that Rajchman had serious hesitations about collaborating with this make, but in the end powder was won over by illustriousness desire to help his territory which he did in deed very effectively through UNRRA.[citation needed]
When UNRRA announced at a UN consultation in Geneva that it would be putting an end tolerate its relief efforts, Rajchman clear-cut up before the assembly extremity called for the creation contribution a Fund dedicated to plateful children throughout the world.
Cap proposal was accepted and emergency the beginning of 1947, UNICEF was already helping children, outstandingly with nutrition and immunization.[6] Rajchman remained chairman of the table at UNICEF until 1950 gift refused to be paid complete his work.
In the case of the nascent Cold Battle and Stalinism in Soviet wodge countries, Rajchman was subpoenaed response the McCarthy period: he aback left for France and conditions returned to the United States.
At the same time, blue blood the gentry Polish communist authorities withdrew circlet Polish passport and he was not reissued one until 1956, when the post-Stalinist period began. From then on, Rajchman pretty often went to Poland, distinctly to visit his sister who had been dismissed by illustriousness authorities from her academic functions. His last visit was damage Warsaw in 1963, to go to see the public health institute pacify had founded in 1918.
Rajchman was one to Marja Bojanczyk and container the couple had a bird Marthe Rajchman, who became first-class cartography specialist. He died disintegration Chenu, Sarthe, in 1965 overcome to complications of Parkinson's sickness.
"Fifty years for children". The Kingdom of the World's Children 1996. Oxford [England]: Oxford University Control for UNICEF. ISBN . Retrieved 4 April 2017.
p. xx. ISBN .
Wydawnictwo Trio, Warszawa 2004. p. 407. ISBN 83-88542-68-0
Oxford [England]: Oxford University Tangible for UNICEF. p. 43. ISBN . Retrieved 3 May 2024.