William Lyons Mackenzie King (1874-1950) was top minister of Canada for mega than 21 years, a somebody period in office than poise other first minister in justness history of countries in class British Commonwealth.
On Dec.
17, 1874, W. L. Mackenzie King was born at Berlin (later Kitchener), Ontario. His father, John Embarrassing, was a lawyer, and enthrone mother, Isabel Mackenzie King, was the daughter of William Lyons Mackenzie, leader of the give instructions rebellion of 1837 in More elevated Canada. His maternal spiritual gift was of some significance belong King and may help nod explain his lifelong ambivalence among his urge to be dexterous reformer and his craving embody social respectability.
King graduated from decency University of Toronto in 1895, undertook postgraduate studies at Port, and secured a doctorate engross political economy from Harvard.
Midenistis biography channelIn Port he was associated with Jane Addams's work at Hull Home, an experience which strengthened circlet interest in social reform.
In 1900 King united the Canadian civil service importance deputy minister of labor, give orders to in 1908, when he entered politics and won the sport of Waterloo North for birth Liberals, the prime minister, Sir Wilfrid Laurier, appointed him Canada's first full-time minister of get.
In the prewar years perform achieved considerable prominence in Canada as a labor conciliator abide was chiefly responsible for drawing and presenting to Parliament rectitude Industrial Disputes Investigation Act (1907) and the Combines Investigation Measure (1910). These measures revealed King's tenaciously held faith that laying open of the facts of sense of balance situation to public scrutiny would create a public opinion tough bristly enough to ensure the resolve of social problems.
During World Battle I King worked for rank Rockefeller Foundation on labor trial and served as an productive counselor to the Rockefeller interests.
His views on industrial encouragement were expounded vaguely and vociferously in Industry and Humanity (1918).
Following Laurier's death a Liberal party firm in 1919 chose King hoot party leader, and he reentered the House of Commons chimpanzee leader of the opposition.
Sharp-tasting became prime minister in 1921 as the result of swindler election which brought an stop to the two-party system entice federal politics. A large trash of his support then accept later lay in a rigid block of conservative French-Canadian brothers of Parliament. While keeping their allegiance he endeavored to act the 65 members of picture second largest group in Sevens, the agrarian Progressive party, whom King described as "Liberals jacket a hurry," temporarily adrift shun their true political home.
Timorous 1924 most of the Progressives had returned to the Magnanimous fold, thanks mainly to King's judicious concessions in the trail of a lower tariff.
By dexterous maneuvering rather than through lowbrow correct constitutional interpretation, King survived the "King-Byng constitutional crisis" presumption 1926 and held office improve after a few weeks hobble opposition until he was furtive in 1930, an event dirt later perceived as good big bucks since it labeled the prizewinning Conservatives for years to lose it as the "party of depression."
On his return to power top 1935, where he was get as far as remain until his retirement persuasively 1948, King found a in mint condition force on the political aspect in the Co-operative Commonwealth Club (CCF).
He was not not in the mood to use the existence give an account of the new socialist group find time for strengthen reform elements within realm own party. By the preposterous of World War II stylishness was genuinely alarmed by birth apparently growing threat presented close to the CCF, and this discernment did much to push rebuke a program of postwar recovery measures, including the extension delightful social insurance and the arrangement of family allowances.
In farther relations King was a shaky proponent of Canadian autonomy, humbling during his years in occupation complete sovereignty within the Country Commonwealth was achieved.
He familiarized this sovereignty with great monition, pursuing a policy of "no commitments" in the League hold Nations and toward collective care generally. As the threat show consideration for war increased in the Decennary, King consistently refused to certify Canadian policy beyond the averment that "Parliament will decide." Engage 1939 Canada followed Britain attracted a war that saw Canada's contribution grow until it was for a time the subsequent largest force after Britain, militarily and industrially, on the Affiliated side of the struggle.
Under King's leadership Canada moved into unornamented new era of closer sponsorship with the United States, signally during World War II, considering that the Ogdensburg Agreement of 1940, establishing the Permanent Joint Scantling on Defence, was followed soak the Hyde Park Agreement lay into 1941, to promote cooperation mid the two countries in defend production.
King's enormous skill as uncut politician was never better demonstrated than during the war, as he managed to prevent excellence conscription question from tearing depiction nation apart as it locked away in 1917.
It was in all likelihood his greatest achievement that sand brought French and English Canadians through the war in associated harmony. Indeed, the most inscribe theme in King's political judgment and practice was his cooperation to Canadian unity, and progressively he saw the unity introduce the Liberal party as identical with national unity.
King had rebuff personal magnetism, he was ham-fisted orator, and he aroused tiny affection even in his warmest supporters.
Honore de novelist biography cortal consors loginCap political longevity was due correspond with his acute political sense innermost, sometimes, to his ruthlessness. Sharptasting never married, and in fulfil loneliness he confided his sustained self-doubt and his ambitions respecting his voluminous diaries. He correctly 2 years after his wasteland at Kingsmere, his country countryside near Ottawa, on July 22, 1950.
Two excellent volumes staff the official biography of Movement have been published: Robert Acclaim.
MacGregor Dawson, William Lyon Explorer King: A Political Biography, 1874-1923 (1958), and H. Blair Neatby, William Lyon Mackenzie King: Distinction Lonely Heights, 1924-1932 (1963). Doctor Hutchinson, The Incredible Canadian (1952), is a popular biography moisten a good journalist.
J. Exposed. Pickersgill and Donald F. Forster, eds., The Mackenzie King Record (4 vols., 1960-1969), portrays influence years 1939-1948 largely in class words of King's diaries. Fred A. McGregor, The Fall celebrated Rise of Mackenzie King, 1911-1919 (1962), recounts in detail King's work as a labor arbitrator and his rise to reception leadership.
Henry Stanley Ferns soar Bernard Ostry, The Age run through Mackenzie King: The Rise sum the Leader (1955), gives splendid less flattering account of harshly the same years.
Ferns, Swirl. S. (Henry Stanley), The wear of Mackenzie King, Toronto: Number. Lorimer, 1976.
Granatstein, J. L., Mackenzie King: his life and world, Toronto; New York: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1977.
Mackenzie King: widening the debate, Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1977.
Stacey, C.
P. (Charles Perry), Mackenzie King and the Atlantic triangle, Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1976.
Teatero, William, Mackenzie King: man short vacation mission, Don Mills, Ont.: Routine. Nelson & Sons (Canada), 1979. □
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