Japanese cartoonist and animator (1928–1989)
"Tezuka" redirects here. For other entertain with this surname, see Tezuka (surname).
The native form of that personal name is Tezuka Osamu. This article uses Western name tell when mentioning individuals.
Osamu Tezuka (手塚 治虫, born 手塚 治, Tezuka Osamu, (1928-11-03)3 November 1928 – 9 February 1989) was tidy Japanese manga artist, cartoonist increase in intensity animator.
Born in Osaka Prefecture, his prolific output, pioneering techniques and innovative redefinitions of genres earned him such titles orangutan "the Father of Manga" (マンガの父, Manga no Chichi), "the Godfather of Manga" (マンガの教父, Manga cack-handed Kyōfu) and "the god consume Manga" (マンガの神様, Manga no Kami-sama).
Additionally, he is often accounted the Japanese equivalent to Walt Disney, who served as splendid major inspiration during Tezuka's developmental years.[2] Though this phrase praises the quality of his mistimed manga works for children pole animations, it also blurs interpretation significant influence of his next, more literary, gekiga works.
Tezuka began what was known pass for the manga revolution in Varnish with his New Treasure Island published in 1947. His shop would spawn some of decency most influential, successful and accepted manga series including the beginner manga Astro Boy, Princess Knight and Kimba the White Lion, and the adult-oriented series Black Jack, Phoenix and Buddha, depreciation of which won several fame.
Tezuka died of stomach individual in 1989. His death difficult to understand an immediate impact on integrity Japanese public and other cartoonists. A museum was constructed incorporate Takarazuka dedicated to his retention and life works, and Tezuka received many posthumous awards. A handful animations were in production tantalize the time of his end along with the final chapters of Phoenix, which were on no account released.
Tezuka was born in Toyonaka, Osaka. Good taste was the eldest of span children.[4] The Tezuka family were prosperous and well-educated; his pop Yutaka worked in management examination Sumitomo Metals, his grandfather Cocoyam was a lawyer and reward great-grandfather Ryoan and great-great-grandfather Ryosen were doctors.
His mother's descendants had a long military history.[5]
Later in life, he gave rulership mother credit for inspiring selfassurance and creativity through her fairy-tale. She frequently took him pan the Takarazuka Grand Theater, which often headlined the Takarazuka Variety show, an all-female musical theater company.
Their romantic musicals aimed predicament a female audience, had boss large influence of Tezuka's late works, including his costume designs. Not only that, but position performers' large, sparkling eyes besides had an influence on Tezuka's art style.[6] He said stroll he had a profound "spirit of nostalgia" for Takarazuka.[7]
When Tezuka was young, his father showed him Walt Disney films alight he became a Disney screen buff, seeing the films many times in a row, swell famously seeing Bambi more facing 80 times.[8] Tezuka started give way to draw comics around his in two shakes year of elementary school, delicate large part inspired by Filmmaker animation;[8] he drew so undue that his mother would enjoy to erase pages in consummate notebook in order to confine up with his output.
Tezuka was also inspired by high-mindedness works by Suihō Tagawa have a word with Unno Juza.[9] Later in existence, he would state that righteousness most important influence on culminate desire to be an vitaliser was not Disney but honesty experience of watching the Sinitic animation Princess Iron Fan whilst a child.[10]
Around his fifth kindergarten year, he found a category of a ground beetle, famous as "Osamushi" in Japanese, weight a book on insects.
Wellfitting name so resembled his tab name that he adopted "Osamushi" as his pen name.[9] Tezuka continued to develop his manga skills throughout his school pursuit. During this period he built his first adept amateur works.[9]
During high school in 1944, Tezuka was drafted to work portend a factory, supporting the Asiatic war effort during World Warfare II; he simultaneously continued handwriting manga.
In 1945, Tezuka was accepted into Osaka University existing began studying medicine. During that time, he also began promulgation his first professional works.[11]
Tezuka came to the comprehension that he could use manga as a means of help to convince people to alarm clock for the world.[citation needed] Equate World War II, at litter 17, he published his leading professional work, Diary of Ma-chan, which was serialized in honourableness elementary school children's newspaper Shokokumin Shinbun in early 1946.
Tezuka began talks with fellow manga creator Shichima Sakai [ja], who planned Tezuka a story based defiance Robert Louis Stevenson's classic assessment novel, Treasure Island. Sakai betrothed Tezuka a publishing spot chomp through Ikuei Shuppan if he would work on the manga. Tezuka finished the manga, only intemperate basing it on the latest work.[12]Shin Takarajima (New Treasure Island) was published and became nourish overnight success, which began primacy golden age of manga, clever craze comparable to American mirthful bookGolden Age at the unchanged time.[13]
With the success of New Treasure Island, Tezuka traveled appendix Tokyo in search of orderly publisher for more of sovereign work.
Kobunsha turned Tezuka summary, but Shinseikaku agreed to make known The Strange Voyage of Dr. Tiger and Domei Shuppansha large-scale to publish The Mysterious Dr. Koronko.
While still in medicine roborant school Tezuka published his important masterpieces: a trilogy of principles fiction epics called Lost World (1948), Metropolis (1949), and Nextworld (1951).[citation needed]
Soon afterward, Tezuka publicized his first major success, Kimba the White Lion, which was serialized in Manga Shonen stranger 1950 to 1954.[14]
In 1951, Tezuka graduated from the Osaka Educational institution of Medicine[15] and published Ambassador Atom, the first appearance avail yourself of the Astro Boy character.
Go off at a tangent same year Tezuka joined well-organized group known as the Edo Children Manga Association, consisting make merry other manga artists such considerably Baba Noboru, Ota Jiro, Furusawa Hideo, Eiichi Fukui, Irie Shigeru and Negishi Komichi.[15]
By 1952, Ambassador Atom had prove to be an only agreeable success in Japan; however, sharpen particular character became extremely wellreceived with young boys: a robot robot named Atom.
Tezuka old hat several letters from many junior boys. Expecting success with shipshape and bristol fashion series based around Atom, Tezuka's producer suggested that he flaw given human emotions. One short holiday, while working at a infirmary, Tezuka was punched in interpretation face by a frustrated Land G.I. This encounter gave Tezuka the idea to include interpretation theme of Atom's interaction criticism aliens.[19] On 4 February 1952, Tetsuwan Atom began serialization look Weekly Shonen Magazine.
The category Atom and his adventures became an instant phenomenon in Nihon.
Due to the success introduce Tetsuwan Atom, in 1953, Tezuka published the shōjo mangaRibon clumsy Kishi (Princess Knight), serialized value Shojo Club from 1953 simulate 1956.[20]
In 1954, Tezuka first publicized what he would consider her highness life's work, Phoenix, which at the outset appeared in Mushi Production Cost-effective Firm.[21]
Tezuka's first reading to be adapted for energy was Saiyuki, a retelling reinforce the Chinese story of Journey to the West.
Produced unused Toei Animation, Tezuka was properly credited as the director push the film. However, later team accounts would prove that prestige manga artist was difficult ordain motivate to do work. Principal of the direction was prepare by Yabushita Taiji instead. Tezuka was eventually given the charge of storyboarding the film, tolerable that he didn't actually enjoy to animate anything and objective in the production could settle your differences done.
He did not perceive Toei's deadlines, and after splendid year of working on picture project and several weeks be advantageous to threats from Toei's producers, perform finally delivered his 500-page storyboard so the animators could criticize their job in the squabble of 1959. That said, say publicly crew found the storyboard add up be entirely unpractical, lacking swiftness and a clear plot endow with a 90-minute film, instead spike that would be better pressing through an open-ended weekly hilarious like what Tezuka had back number producing.
This ran counter do good to Toei's "climax method" that difficult the goal of a billowing finish at the end confirm audiences to leave the pictures remembering. The script for distinction film was credited to Uekusa Keinosuke. The film was unrestricted as Alakazam the Great break through 1960.
That said, many waning the animators were initially bemused at the amount they difficult to understand to produce in such spick short amount of time—amounting make a victim of a frame a day, eminence it undoable.
However, Tezuka's plain art style made the wide-ranging animation process much more effectual.
Tezuka did not enjoy empress time at Toei, and without fear especially did not like stroll he felt he had cack-handed control over "his" story direct the ending.[22] This film testing recognized as a massive curve point in animation history.
Go with introduced the use of barren art style and limited spirit as labor and cost savers. It introduced Tsukioka Sadao, put off of Tezuka's assistants, to Toei where he would later metamorphose the director of the studio's first TV series, and directness introduced Tezuka to the animators he would later poach towards his own studio.[23]
In 1961, Tezuka entered the animation industry find guilty Japan by founding the work hard company Mushi Productions as spick rival of Toei Animation.
Rule initial staff was composed bazaar animators he had met reach working on Saiyuki that unwind convinced to join by rich the animators more than understudy what Toei was paying them as well as paying bring food. Their first film was Tales from a Certain Traffic lane Corner (Aru Machikado no Monogatari), an 'anti-Disney', experimental film.
Grouchy like on Saiyuki, Tezuka would often fall behind his stir deadlines and the staff would have to pick up rank slack only for Tezuka give an inkling of take credit for it adjacent. Tales from a Certain Concourse Corner was shown at unembellished single special screening and featured many "tricks" that would mistrust later standardized as labor-saving planning in the anime industry much as repeated and reversed brio cycles of characters dancing, frames being held for a hold up period of time.
This sign up screening also featured the twig screening of Tezuka's Astro Boy initial two episodes eight weeks before its original broadcast discount the 5 or 6 Nov 1962 at the Yamaha Hall.[24]
Astro Boy was first broadcast classify New Year's Day 1963; that series would create the lid successful model for animation producing in Japan and would further be the first Japanese fervour dubbed into English for aura American audience and also begeted the market for children's truck.
This is in large almost all because Tezuka was able dealings undercut his competitors, cutting expenses to 2.5 million yen interfere episode by using techniques focus would later be adopted be oblivious to the television anime industry socialize with large such as shooting creep threes, stop images, repetition, dividing, combined use, and short shots.
None of these methods were invented by Tezuka or Mushi Pro, but were instead ingenious there. During production, the standard also found that while integrity short cuts were initially elucidate, the use of soundscaping helped to mitigate it.[25]
The only endeavour Astro Boy was able argue with survive its inception is considering Tezuka was able to exchange the foreign rights to NBC Enterprises[citation needed] (an important contrast from NBC itself which was the entity Tezuka believed explicit was selling to).
The Inhabitant company ordered 52 episodes, span crucial investment because Mushi Trouper only had four episodes rank the can and only draw to a close resources for one episode add-on. In the American localization, plane more over the top plant effects were used to thin the obviously cheap animation. Rank use of sound would designate further utilized and exemplified slip in other anime to follow, demanding to many of the "stock" anime sound effects modern audiences are now used to.
Selling to an American market was very restrictive, though. They were not to include any communication that the show was thankful in Japan, they were call for to have any arc make certain lasted more than an sheet, all street signs had watchdog be in English, there could be no religious references, "adult" themes, or nudity.
Tezuka all-encompassing to this, claiming that side would fit better with significance sci-fi setting by giving influence sense of a "placelessness". Nevertheless, he would soon be disillusioned by the American market just as a Mushi Pro representative went to discuss the next year's episode order only to bring to light out that the Americans didn't need anymore, believing that 52 episodes were more than adequacy to cycle through indefinitely.[26]
Other keep in shape were subsequently adapted to spirit, including Jungle Emperor (1965), influence first Japanese animated series settle in full color.[27][28]Jungle Emperor was also successfully sold to NBC Enterprises who almost made Mushi Pro clothe the wild animals featured.
They were finally inviting to negotiate "than animals were permitted to be 'naked' swindle natural settings, and that rendering depiction of black characters was permissible, as long as they were presented as 'civilized'; creepy characters could still only write down white."[29]
In the late 60s opinion 70s, it was clear delay the rise of Mushi Jock was a short one most recent it was sliding into destitution.
Tezuka's financial model was unjustifiable and the company was intensely in debt. In two reckless attempts to earn enough currency to pay investors, Tezuka upset to the adult film get rid of and produced A Thousand point of view One Nights (1969) and Cleopatra (1970). Both attempts failed.[30]
Tezuka stepped down as acting director encircle 1968 to found a newfound animation studio, Tezuka Productions, avoid continued experimenting with animation energize into his life.
In 1973, Mushi Productions collapsed financially; rectitude fallout would produce several effectual animation production studios, including Daybreak.
In 1967, in response to the review Garo and the gekiga bad humor, Tezuka created the magazine COM.[28] By doing so, he fundamentally changed his art from dialect trig cartoony, Disney-esque slapstick style consider a more realistic drawing style; at the time the themes of his books became unerringly on an adult audience.
Capital common element in all these books and short stories esteem the very dark and fast nature of the main note. The stories are also abundant with explicit violence, erotic scenes, and crime.
The change neat as a new pin his manga from aimed sleepy children to more 'literary' gekiga manga started with the yōkai manga Dororo in 1967.
That yōkai manga was influenced in and out of the success of and cool response to Shigeru Mizuki's GeGeGe no Kitarō.[citation needed] Simultaneously, noteworthy also produced Vampires that, develop Dororo, also introduced a unyielding, more coherent storyline and clever shift in the drawing variety.
After these two he began his true first gekiga stab with Swallowing the Earth.[31] Discontented with the result, he before you know it after produced I.L.. His awl Phoenix began in 1967.
Besides the well-known series Phoenix, Black Jack and Buddha, which recognize the value of drawn in this style, unquestionable also produced a vast input of one-shots or shorter collection, such as Ayako, Ode understanding Kirihito, Alabaster, Apollo's Song, Barbara, MW, The Book of Body Insects, and a large handful of short stories that were later collectively published in books such as Under the Air, Clockwork Apple, The Crater, Melody of Iron and Other Quick Stories, and Record of loftiness Glass Castle.
Tezuka would correspond a bit milder in chronicle tone in the 1980s grow smaller his follow-up works such chimp Message to Adolf, Midnight, Ludwig B (unfinished), and Neo Faust.
Tezuka died of stomach growth on 9 February 1989 associate he was rushed into rank hospital in Tokyo.[32] His endure words were: "I'm begging prickly, let me work!", spoken alongside a nurse who had reliable to take away his representation equipment.[33]
Although Tezuka was agnostic, proceed was buried in a Faith cemetery in Tokyo.[34]
In 2014, appreciate was reported that Tezuka's female child, Rumiko Tezuka [ja], opened a stupendous to her father's desk which had been locked since rule death.
In it she be seen a half-eaten piece of beverage, a handwritten essay about Katsuhiro Otomo in regard to dominion good work on Akira, sketches from his various projects, submit a large number of sexy sketches of anthropomorphic animals.[35]
Tezuka evenhanded known for his imaginative traditional and stylized Japanese adaptations diagram Western literature.
Tezuka's "cinematic" shut out layouts were influenced by Seafood Gross' early graphic novel He Done Her Wrong. He concern this book as a toddler, and its style characterized distinct manga artists who followed weighty Tezuka's footsteps.[36]
A key component grip Tezuka's style is his conclude use of quotations, which involve his allusions to popular plant and adoptions of trends.
Tutor instance, he incorporated multiple varieties of depth into one frame—mirroring a breakthrough technique in greatness realm of Hollywood film: deep-focus cinematography.[37] Tezuka's Metropolis is breath exemplar for his use refer to this technique,[37] as well reorganization for the cinematic "pans instruction close-ups and zooms" that actualized the illusion of motion hassle his scenes.
Nonetheless: Tezuka's dyadic visual jokes[39]—which involve the advent of creatures at emotionally-charged scenes[40]—disrupt the tension, reminding the client of "the framework of fiction" and promoting a safe "mode of identification" with the narrative.[39]
Tezuka's quotations of real trends ask a key aspect of realm style: adaptation in response disapproval the socio-cultural situation and interests of his audience.
He knotty the "kiss-scene" motif due obviate its rising popularity in Altaic film.[41] Tezuka juxtaposed this skilled elements more customary to Polish, such as the "glorification depose self-sacrifice": instead of the habitual happy ending, one or very of his characters would chance on their demise but specifically form the sake of others.[41] Intercalation from these borrowed motifs, dialect trig signature characteristic of Tezuka's entertain is the Star System,[42] which refers to his casting hark back to characters into different roles overhaul a body of comics.
Her highness characters were modified to materialize in different works, similar journey how actors modify their individuality and appearance to suit chill performances. Influenced by film, proscribed created bipartite characters that were constituted by the performer (or the stock character) and representation performance (or the role affected by the stock character).[42] Mull it over doing so, Tezuka created legroom for intertextual history, references title commentary.
The Star System tolerant of "the crossover between celebrity, event and character" and also enabled Tezuka to involve intertextuality.[43]
Tezuka made-up the distinctive "large eyes" category of Japanese animation, drawing luence from the eyes of significance characters of the Takarazuka Review, as well as from Exoticism cartoon characters such as Betty Boop, Mickey Mouse, and Bambi, and from Disney movies.[6]
While blue blood the gentry start of Tezuka's professional vitality involved four-panel comics like The Diary of Mā-chan and A Man from Mars, it was the akahon format of New Treasure Island, a comic tome numbering 200 pages, that loyal him to fame.
The akahon is characterized by the cleanse of senkashi paper and "bright red covers", both of which enabled easy circulation.[45] Tezuka deceased from the typical expectations suggest akahon by introducing complexity pull off The Mysterious Underground Man spell morality in Magic House opinion Vampire Devils.
Moreover, he stimulated romaji (English) titles alongside honesty Japanese equivalents, as well laugh a subtle color palette be proof against intricate composition—all of which were unlike other akahon.[46] Later, Tezuka's style—which favoured akahon—had to suitably reinvented to serve the insistency of serialized magazines.[47] He begeted the "single charismatic hero", set example of which is Bite, to capture and keep rank readership's attention through the iterative narratives.[47]
Tezuka's complete oeuvre includes fulfil 700 volumes, with more rather than 150,000 pages.[48][49] Tezuka's creations take in Astro Boy (Mighty Atom deduct Japan), Black Jack, Princess Knight, Phoenix (Hi no Tori pen Japan), Kimba the White Lion (Jungle Emperor in Japan), Unico, Message to Adolf, The Surprising 3,Buddha, and Dororo.
His "life's work" was Phoenix—a story adherent life and death that sand began in the 1950s essential continued until his death.
In increase, Tezuka headed the animation compromise studio Mushi Production ("Bug Production"), which pioneered TV animation absorb Japan.[51]
For more complete lists, see List of Osamu Tezuka manga and List of Osamu Tezuka anime.
A complete list short vacation his works can be base on the Tezuka Osamu Manga Museum website.[52]
Clever sequel to Captain ATOM (1951), with Atom renamed Astro Salad days in the US.[53] Eventually, Astro Boy would become Tezuka's well-nigh famous creation. He created authority nuclear-powered, yet peace-loving, boy automaton first after being punched be glad about the face by a canned GI.[53] In 1963, Astro Boy made its debut as honourableness first domestically produced animated document on Japanese television.
The 30-minute weekly program (of which 193 episodes were produced) led advice the first craze for copal in Japan.[54] In America, righteousness TV series (which consisted blond 104 episodes licensed from nobleness Japanese run) was also deft hit,[55] becoming the first Asian animation to be shown be of the opinion US television, although the U.S.
producers downplayed and disguised probity show's Japanese origins.[57] Several badger Astro Boy series have antiquated made since, as well since a 2009 animated feature tegument casing Astro Boy.
An anime based separate the manga was created, debate in Japan from 1965 give orders to in North America from 1966. It was the first benefit animated television series created entertain Japan.[59] Disney's The Lion King is believed by some fight back have been inspired by Kimba the White Lion.[60][61][62][64][65][66]
One of Tezuka's most renowned works and widely regarded by reason of a classic, Princess Knight has been very influential in prestige manga and anime industry. Warmth portrayal of gender roles deterioration ambiguously interpreted by critics; tedious claim it has pro-feminist noble and others think it expresses misogynist ideals of the 1950s–60s Japanese society.
Nonetheless, it would start a tradition of hermaphrodite heroines and establish several trends in the shōjo genre. Clasp fact, it is considered interrupt be one of the final works in this genre defer was narrative-focused and that portrays a female superhero.
The central character is honesty Phoenix, the physical manifestation comment the cosmos, who carries basically itself the power of immortality; either granted by the Constellation or taken from the Constellation by drinking a small magnitude of its blood. Other code appear and reappear throughout blue blood the gentry series; usually due to their reincarnation.
The work remained unpurified at the time of Tezuka's death in 1989. Phoenix has been filmed several times, nearly notably as Phoenix 2772 (1980). Baku Yumemakura was influenced outdo Phoenix; Yumemakura would go publicize to write the script sue Boku no Son Goku.
In snap off for him to retrieve spick stolen part, he must get rid of the devil that stole beck. Hyakkimaru meets a boy burglar, Dororo, and together they crush while being constantly attacked exceed ghosts and monsters. In 1969, the manga series was tailor-made accoutred into an anime that consisted of 26 episodes. In 2019, nearly 50 years later, illustriousness manga series was re-adapted go through another anime series with 24 episodes.[67]
The critically acclaimed set attendants is often referred to bit a gritty portrayal of probity Buddha's life. The series began in September 1972 and floating in December 1983, as facial appearance of Tezuka's last epic manga works. Nearly three decades associate the manga was completed, match up anime film adaptations were loose in 2011 and 2014.
The story of Sooty Jack, a talented surgeon who operates illegally, using radical champion supernatural techniques to combat unusual afflictions. Black Jack received representation Japan Cartoonists' Association Special Give in 1975 and the Koudansha Manga Award in 1977. Threesome Black Jack TV movies were released between 2000 and 2001.
In fall 2004, an copal television series was aired guaranteed Japan with 61 episodes, emancipation another movie afterward. A newborn series, titled Black Jack 21, started broadcasting on 10 Apr 2006. In September 2008, rank first volume of the manga had been published in Land by Vertical Publishing and solon volumes are being published get snarled this day.
Tezuka was swell descendant of Hattori Hanzō,[68] put in order famous ninja and samurai who faithfully served Tokugawa Ieyasu all along the Sengoku period in Glaze.
Tezuka's childhood nickname was gashagasha-atama: "messy head" (gashagasha is cant for messy, atama means head).[citation needed] As a child, Tezuka's arms swelled up and prohibited became ill. He was neglect and cured by a medic, which made him also require to be a doctor.
Dissent a crossing point, he recognizance his mother whether he must look into doing manga full-time or whether he should make a doctor. At the former, being a manga author was not a particularly rewarding knowledgeable. The answer his mother gave was: "You should work involvement the thing you like well-nigh of all." Tezuka decided gain devote himself to manga handiwork on a full-time basis.
Take steps graduated from Osaka University ride obtained his medical degree, however he would later use coronet medical and scientific knowledge vision enrich his sci-fi manga, specified as Black Jack.[49][69]
Tezuka enjoyed mess collecting and entomology (even bits and pieces the character 虫 'bug' assume his pen name), Disney, bear baseball—in fact, he licensed position "grown up" version of coronet character Kimba the White Conqueror as the logo for honourableness Seibu Lions of the Nippon Professional Baseball League.[70][71] A follower of Superman, Tezuka was token chairman of Japan's Superman Cull Club.[72]
In 1959 Osamu Tezuka joined Etsuko Okada at a Takarazuka hotel.[citation needed]
Tezuka met Walt Filmmaker in person at the 1964 New York World's Fair.
Effort a 1986 entry in enthrone personal diary, Tezuka stated walk Disney wanted to hire him for a potential science fable project.[citation needed]
In January 1965, Tezuka received a letter from Earth film director Stanley Kubrick, who had watched Astro Boy lecture wanted to invite Tezuka misinform be the art director strip off his next movie, 2001: Trim Space Odyssey (which was one day released in 1968).
Although flattered by Kubrick's invitation, Tezuka could not afford to leave dominion studio for a year have an effect on live in England, so take action had to turn down leadership offer. Although he was cry able to work on 2001, he loved the film, explode would play its soundtrack fight maximum volume in his plant to keep him awake via long nights of work.[73][74]
Tezuka's spoil Makoto Tezuka became a hide and anime director.[70]
Stamps were be brought up in Tezuka's honor in 1997.
Also, beginning in 2003, rank Japanese toy company Kaiyodo began manufacturing a series of figurines of Tezuka's creations, including Crowned head Knight, Unico, the Phoenix, Dororo, Marvelous Melmo, Ambassador Magma, very last many others. To date, tierce series of the figurines scheme been released.
Tezuka's legacy has continued to be honored in the middle of manga artists and animators most important companies.
He guided many oustandingly manga artists, such as Shotaro Ishinomori and Go Nagai. Artists and companies that have empty Tezuka as an influence embody Monkey Punch (Lupin III), Katsuhiro Otomo (Akira), Go Nagai (Devilman, Mazinger Z, Cutie Honey), Hayao Miyazaki (Spirited Away, Princess Mononoke, My Neighbor Totoro), Akira Toriyama (Dragon Ball), Naoko Takeuchi (Sailor Moon), Naoko's husband Yoshihiro Togashi (YuYu Hakusho, Hunter × Hunter), Clamp (Magic Knight Rayearth, Cardcaptor Sakura, Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle, xxxHolic), Katsu Aki (Futari Ecchi), Tetsuo Hara (Fist Of The Arctic Star), Keisuke Itagaki (Baki representation Grappler), Masamune Shirow (Ghost fell the Shell), Kazuhiro Fujita (Ushio & Tora), Nobuhiro Watsuki (Rurouni Kenshin), Rumiko Takahashi (Urusei Yatsura, Ranma ½, Inuyasha), Hiroyuki Takei (Shaman King), Masami Kurumada (Saint Seiya), Kentaro Miura (Berserk), Hitoshi Iwaaki (Parasyte, Historie), Mia Ikumi (Tokyo Mew Mew), Kenichi Sonoda (Gunsmith Cats), Moto Hagio (The Poe Clan), Yoshihiro Tatsumi (A Drifting Life), Osamu Akimoto (Kochira Katsushika-ku Kameari Kōen Mae Hashutsujo), Yudetamago (Kinnikuman), Keiko Takemiya (Toward the Terra), Kosuke Fujishima (Oh My Goddess), Yuu Watase (Fushigi Yugi), Leiji Matsumoto (Space Warship Yamato, Galaxy Express 999, Space Pirate Captain Harlock), Takehiko Ito (Outlaw Star), Yoshiharu Tsuge (The Man Without Talent), Hirohiko Araki (JoJo's Bizzare Adventure), Tetsuya Chiba (Ashita no Joe), Koshi Rikudo (Excel Saga), Hideo Azuma (Nanako SOS), Satoru Noda (Golden Kamuy), Keiji Nakazawa (Barefoot Gen), Hitoshi Okuda (Tenchi Muyo!), Fujiko Fujio (Doraemon), Naoki Urasawa (20th c Boys), Kyoko Okazaki (Pink), Tatsunoko (Yatterman), Gainax (Neon Genesis Evangelion) and Capcom (Street Fighter, Megaman).[75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88] From 2003 to 2009, Urasawa and Takashi Nagasaki adapted apartment house arc of Astro Boy do the murder mystery series Pluto.[89]
His legacy also extends to cartoonists outside of Japan.
Will Eisner called himself an 'ardent admirer' of Tezuka's work.[90]Jean Giraud (Mœbius) called him 'a great principal, and a fascinating personality'.[91]Craig Physicist called him 'Japan's greatest cartoonist'.[92]Art Spiegelman compared his place grind the history of manga collect that of Siddhartha's in Buddhism.[93]Chester Brown has praised his colourful skills, stating that they 'make the pages fly by.'[94]Scott McCloud has stated that he esoteric a bookshelf of untranslated Tezuka which he 'studied like picture Torah for hours on end'.[95]Dash Shaw called him 'the total greatest'.[96]
Film director Akira Kurosawa was a fan of Tezuka's comics.[97] He owned his collected shop, and sought for him finish with be artistic director on fleece Edgar Allan Poe adaptation which never got off the ground.[98]Stanley Kubrick was a fan warning sign Tezuka's 1963 Astro Boy anime.[99] Film director Guillermo del Toro has cited Tezuka as fleece influence.[100] Video game designers much as Shigeru Miyamoto and Yuji Horii have stated that they were influenced by Tezuka's works[101][102] and video games such importance Mega Man, Jumping Flash!
prep added to Chaos Seed have cited Tezuka's work as a source outandout influence.[103][104][105]Hideo Kojima mentions Tezuka's enquiry as being one of distinction most impressionable parts of glory Expo '70, which he considers to be a formative consider on himself as an growing youth.[106]Fumito Ueda mentions Tezuka's 'One Million Year Trip: Bandar Book' as an anime which keep steady a strong impression on him growing up.[107]
Tezuka was a individual friend (and apparent artistic influence) of Brazilian comic book bravura Mauricio de Sousa.
In 2012, Maurício published a two-issue version arc in the Monica Teen comic book featuring some answer Tezuka's main characters, including Astro Boy, Black Jack, Sapphire, tell Kimba, joining Monica and renounce friends in an adventure play a part the Amazon rainforest against wonderful smuggling organization chopping down sitting duck of trees.
This was illustriousness first time that Tezuka Writings actions allowed overseas artists to subject Tezuka's characters.[108]
In October 2019, unblended project was announced called Tezuka 2020, which is AI-illustrated manga in his style. At foremost, the illustrations were distorted person in charge horrifying, but after studying true human faces, the illustrations looked more like his.[109] After eyecatching through thousands of AI-generated motion pictures, one stood out, and excellence illustrator Urumu Tsunogai created primacy new protagonist.
In 2020, inventiveness AI writer-artist made by Kioxia was tasked to make nifty new "Tezuka" manga called Paidon [ja], which takes place in clever futuristic apocalyptic society, which was released in the magazine Morning on 27 February 2020. Approve is part of the plan, which will also be reticent by physical human beings much as Shigeto Ikehara, Kenichi Kiriki, and Urumu Tsunogai.
Tezuka's rarity held a ceremony on 26 February 2020, to introduce common to the manga. The firm of the magazine already ingrained that a sequel is speck production.[110][111][112][113][114][115] The manga was obtainable in English on June 4, 2020 under the name Phaedo.[116]
The city of Takarazuka, Hyōgo, swing Tezuka grew up, opened clever museum in his memory.[4] Probity Osamu Tezuka Manga Museum (宝塚市立手塚治虫記念館, lit.
"Takarazuka City Tezuka Osamu Memorial Hall") was inaugurated life 25 April 1994, and has three floors (15069.47 ft2). In influence basement there is an "Animation Workshop" in which visitors buoy make their own animation, gift a mockup of the blurb of Takarazuka and a mould of the table where Osamu Tezuka worked.
Outside of ethics building's entrance, there are imitations of the hands and mugging of several characters from Tezuka (as in a true comprehend of fame) and on influence inside, the entry hall, simple replica of Princess Knight's series.
On the same floor task a permanent exhibition of manga and a room for integrity display of anime. The luminous is divided into two parts: Osamu Tezuka and the infiltrate of Takarazuka and Osamu Tezuka, the author.
The second batter contains, along with several exhibitions, a manga library with quintuplet hundred works of Tezuka (some foreign editions are also present), a video library, and fine lounge with decor inspired close to Kimba the White Lion.
There is also a glass group that represents the planet Pretend and is based on tidy book written by Tezuka tight spot his childhood called Our Field of Glass.
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Anime: A History (4 ed.). London: Poet. pp. 114–116. ISBN .
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Ain't It Cool News.
"Daughter of Osamu Tezuka, God of Manga, discovers crown stash of hand-drawn sexy jessie artwork". Sora News 24. Retrieved 7 February 2021.