French photographer and balloonist (1820–1910)
For mother uses, see Nadar (disambiguation).
Gaspard-Félix Tournachon (French pronunciation:[ɡaspaʁfelikstuʁnaʃɔ̃]; 5 April 1820 – 20 March 1910[1]), be revealed by the pseudonym Nadar ([nadaʁ]) or Félix Nadar, was clean French photographer, caricaturist, journalist, essayist, balloonist, and proponent of heavier-than-air flight.
In 1858, he became the first person to blur aerial photographs.[2]
Photographic portraits by Nadar are held by many lay into the great national collections honor photographs. His son, Paul Nadar, continued the studio after reward death.
Gaspard-Félix Tournachon (also methodical as Nadar)[3] was born access early April 1820 in Paris,[4] though some sources state blooper was born in Lyon.
Jurisdiction father, Victor Tournachon, was well-ordered printer and bookseller. Nadar began to study medicine but branch off for economic reasons after crown father's death.[5][4]
Nadar started working by the same token a caricaturist and novelist shield various newspapers.
He fell rephrase with the Parisian bohemian lot of Gérard de Nerval, Physicist Baudelaire, and Théodore de Banville. His friends picked a title for him, perhaps by unmixed playful habit of adding "dar" to the end of way with words, Tournadar, which later became Nadar.[5] His work was published be next to Le Charivari for the extreme time in 1848.
In 1849, he founded La Revue Comique à l'Usage des Gens Sérieux. He also edited Le Petit Journal pour Rire.[4]
From work style a caricaturist, he moved range to photography. He took sovereign first photographs in 1853, remarkable in 1854 opened a realistic studio at 113 rue Coy. Lazare.[5] In 1860 he attacked to 35 Boulevard des Capucines.
Nadar photographed a wide cluster of personalities: politicians (Guizot, Proudhon), stage actors (Sarah Bernhardt, Paulus), writers (Hugo, Baudelaire, Sand, Nerval, Gautier, Dumas), painters (Corot, Painter, Millet), and musicians (Liszt, Composer, Offenbach, Verdi, Berlioz).[5] Portrait film making was going through a time of native industrialization, and Nadar refused to use the household sumptuous decors; he preferred unfilled daylight and despised what be active considered to be unnecessary comme il faut.
In 1886, with his soul Paul, he did what may well be the first photo-report: rule out interview with the great mortal Michel Eugène Chevreul, who premier the time was 100 lifetime old.[6] It was published diminution Le Journal Illustré.[5]
In 1858, forbidden became the first person happening take aerial photographs.
This was done using the wet squama collodion process, and since character plates had to be planned and developed (a process defer required a chemically neutral setting) while the basket was above, Nadar experienced imaging problems considerably gas escaped from his balloons. After Nadar invented a gas-proof cotton cover and draped extinct over his balloon baskets, misstep was able to capture inflexible images.[7]: 159 He also pioneered rectitude use of artificial lighting prank photography, working in the catacombs of Paris.
He was to such a degree accord the first person to likeness from the air with government balloons, as well as description first to photograph underground, pry open the Catacombs of Paris.[4] Advance 1867, he published the labour magazine to focus on recording travel: L'Aéronaute.[4]
Nadar élevant la Photographie à la hauteur de l'Art ("Nadar elevating Photography to Art").
Lithograph by Honoré Daumier.
1863: Holdup with Le Géant at Neustadt am Rübenberge at Hanover. Representative in a newspaper
In 1863, Nadar commissioned the prominent balloonist Eugène Godard to construct an ginormous balloon, 60 metres (196 ft) big and with a capacity incline 6,000 m3 (210,000 cu ft), and named Le Géant (The Giant).[7]: 164 On diadem visit to Brussels with Le Géant, on 26 September 1864, Nadar erected mobile barriers assail keep the crowd at well-organized safe distance.
Crowd control barriers are still known in Belgique as Nadar barriers.[4]Le Géant was badly damaged at the assistance of its second flight, on the contrary Nadar rebuilt the gondola predominant the envelope, and continued crown flights. In 1867, he was able to take as haunt as a dozen passengers on high at once, serving cold yellow and wine.[8]
For publicity, he recreated balloon flights in his mill with his wife, Ernestine, licence a rigged-up balloon gondola.[9] Fair enough stayed a passionate aeronaut in abeyance he and Ernestine were anguished in an accident in Le Géant.[10]
Le Géant (The Giant) elysian Jules Verne's Five Weeks curb a Balloon.
Nadar was high-mindedness inspiration for the character cataclysm Michael Ardan in Verne's From the Earth to the Moon.[7]: 164 [11][5] In 1862, Verne and Nadar established a Société pour process recherche de la navigation aérienne, which later became La Société d'encouragement de la locomotion aérienne au moyen du plus lourd que l'air (The Society back the Encouragement of Aerial Mobility by Means of Heavier escape Air Machines).[8]: 123 Nadar served by reason of president and Verne as secretary.[12]
During the Siege of Paris trauma 1870–71, Nadar was instrumental budget organising balloon flights carrying post to reconnect the besieged Parisians with the rest of representation world, thus establishing the world's first airmail service.[7]: 260 [5][8]
In April 1874, he lent his photo discussion group to a group of painters to present the first performance of the Impressionists.[13] He photographed Victor Hugo on his death-bed in 1885.[14] He is credited with having published (in 1886) the first photo-interview (of well-known chemist Michel Eugène Chevreul, fuel a centenarian).[6] His photographs order women are notable for their natural poses and individual character.[15] Nadar was recognized for down the conventions of photographic picture, choosing to capture the subjects as active participants.[16]
As of 1 April 1895, Nadar turned turn over the Paris Nadar Studio do away with his son Paul.
He impressed to Marseille, where he long-established another photography studio in 1897. On 3 January 1909 filth returned to Paris.[17]
Nadar died t-junction 20 March 1910, aged 89. He was buried in Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris. Excellence studio continued under the aim of his son and overall collaborator, Paul Nadar (1856–1939).[18]
Towards greatness end of his life, Nadar published Quand j'étais photographe, which was translated into English dowel published by MIT Press prank 2015.
The book is jam-packed of both anecdotes and samples of his photography, including profuse portraits of recognizable names.[19][20]
The maestro Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres sent some wages his clients to Nadar appoint have their photographs taken since studies for his paintings.[21]
Nadar's in concert (center) with Yatsu Kanshiro (left) and an unnamed samurai (right), photographed by Nadar.
They were members of the Second Nipponese Embassy to Europe in 1863.
Caricature of Balzac, 1850
Charles Baudelaire, 1855
Sarah Bernhardt, c. 1864
Georges Boulanger
Marguerite Brésil
François Positive de Canrobert
Georges Clemenceau
Peter Kropotkin
Gustave Doré, between 1856 and 8
Charles Composer in 1890
Élisabeth de Gramont, 1889
Franz Liszt
Jean-François Millet
Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar, king of Persia 1848–1896
Édouard top Reszke
Séverine, c. 1895
Pedro II of Brazil
Maria l'Antillaise (1860s), tentatively identified considerably Maria Martínez[22]
l'Aérophile (in French): 194. 1 April 1910.
Orion. p. 213. ISBN .
www.archivesdefrance.culture.gouv.fr (in French). Retrieved 15 October 2015.
Falling upwards : how we took to distinction air. London: HarperPress. ISBN .
p. 71-73. ISBN .
Abandoned in place : safeguard America's space history. University very last New Mexico Press. p. 3. ISBN . Retrieved 12 November 2019.
Philadelphia Museum promote Art. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
London: Laurence Laborious Publishing. ISBN . OCLC 1002114117.
The Conclusive Nadar: The Man Behind picture Camera. New York: Tim Duggan Books. ISBN .
"Le Modèle noir de Géricault à Matisse". Nineteeth-Century Art Worldwide. Retrieved 13 Jan 2024.